What is the History of the Amma Makkal Munnettra Kazhagam?

The History of the Amma Makkal Munnettra Kazhagam (AMMK)

The Amma Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam (AMMK) is a prominent political party in the state of Tamil Nadu, India. Founded in 2018, the party emerged as a significant force in the state’s political landscape, primarily as a splinter group of the All India Anna Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (AIADMK). The AMMK’s history is closely intertwined with the legacy of the charismatic leader and former Tamil Nadu Chief Minister, J. Jayalalithaa, fondly referred to as “Amma.”

Formation and Ideological Background

The AMMK was formed after a significant political upheaval within the AIADMK in 2017, following the demise of J. Jayalalithaa. After her passing, the AIADMK witnessed a power struggle between factions led by O. Panneerselvam and V.K. Sasikala, a close aide of Jayalalithaa. V.K. Sasikala, popularly known as “Chinnamma,” was expelled from the AIADMK, leading to the formation of the AMMK.

The party derives its name, “Amma Makkal Munnettra Kazhagam,” from the honorific “Amma,” which Jayalalithaa was affectionately called by her supporters. The term “Makkal Munnettra Kazhagam” translates to “People’s Progressive Alliance,” underscoring the party’s commitment to serving the interests of the people of Tamil Nadu.

Leadership and Support Base

The AMMK’s leadership was assumed by V.K. Sasikala after her release from prison in early 2021. Her return to Tamil Nadu politics rekindled enthusiasm among a section of Jayalalithaa’s loyal supporters, who considered her a rightful heir to Amma’s legacy.

The party’s support base largely comprises followers of Jayalalithaa, who admire her populist policies and welfare-driven governance during her tenure as Chief Minister. Jayalalithaa’s freebie schemes, such as subsidized food, bicycles, and laptops to students, endeared her to many voters, especially from economically disadvantaged backgrounds.

Political Objectives and Ideals

The AMMK’s political objectives are deeply rooted in Jayalalithaa’s populist ideals. The party emphasizes social welfare, offering a continuation of Amma’s popular schemes to gain public support. It pledges to uphold the welfare-oriented governance that Jayalalithaa championed during her rule.

Additionally, the AMMK aims to be a formidable player in Tamil Nadu politics, challenging the dominance of the AIADMK and the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam (DMK). The party seeks to present itself as a viable alternative, attracting voters disillusioned with the AIADMK’s internal conflicts and the DMK’s opposition.

Electoral Performance and Challenges

The AMMK faced its first major electoral test in the 2019 Indian general elections and the concurrent Tamil Nadu assembly by-elections. Although it failed to win any seats, the party secured a significant vote share in some constituencies, signaling its potential to emerge as a prominent political force in the state.

Despite its initial surge, the AMMK faces several challenges. The AIADMK’s control of the state government and its alliance with the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP) present a formidable challenge for the AMMK to gain ground in the state. Additionally, the absence of Jayalalithaa’s personal charisma and leadership is a hindrance in fully capitalizing on her legacy.

The Amma Makkal Munnetra Kazhagam (AMMK) stands as a testament to the enduring impact of charismatic leaders in Indian politics. Born out of the political upheaval following J. Jayalalithaa’s demise, the party seeks to continue her populist legacy, promising welfare-driven governance and serving the interests of the people. While the AMMK faces hurdles in becoming a dominant force, its existence underscores the significance of personal charisma and welfare-oriented politics in the state of Tamil Nadu. As the party evolves and navigates the complexities of state politics, it will continue to be closely watched for its potential to shape Tamil Nadu’s political landscape in the coming years.